Initial pass at foundational classes under android.database, along
with CTS to verify consistency.

Unfortunately much of the CTS is structured as integration tests,
when it'd be possible to verify behavior as unit tests using
simpler tools like MatrixCursor.  This change makes an effort at
supporting existing tests using MatrixCursor where simple to adapt,
but future changes will likely need to add more dedicated coverage.

Bug: 292141694
Test: atest-dev CtsDatabaseTestCasesRavenwood CtsDatabaseTestCases
Change-Id: I63c568fc2bcb9d7c1ac1f2a251442fec44a0d19a